Many of us, if asked why we run, would say it was to support our mental and physical wellbeing. Research shows that running offers numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease. But what is it like when you run and have a chronic illness – such as type 1 diabetes or Crohn’s disease, or a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis? Here are some key considerations with regards to fuelling and training.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, which causes the body’s immune system to mistakenly attack and destroy beta cells in the pancreas. These cells produce insulin, which is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, so their destruction means that the body can no longer produce enough insulin to manage glucose levels.
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Unlike type 2 diabetes, which is often associated with lifestyle factors and can sometimes be managed with diet and exercise, type 1 diabetes requires lifelong daily insulin therapy to replace the missing hormone. People with type 1 diabetes must monitor their blood sugar levels and administer insulin injections or use an insulin pump to maintain healthy glucose levels.
Running with type 1 diabetes requires careful blood glucose monitoring and management, as exercise can lower blood sugar levels, potentially leading to hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). It’s crucial to know how your body responds to exercise and adjust your insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly.
Tips for running with type 1 diabetes
Monitor blood glucose
Regularly check your blood glucose levels before, during and after exercise. Be aware that blood sugar levels can rise during exercise, but also drop for up to 12 hours afterward.
Adjust insulin
You may need to reduce your insulin dose before you exercise to prevent hypoglycaemia, or increase it if you’re experiencing elevated blood sugar levels.
Get your carbohydrates
Contrary to what many believe, you actually need to consume extra carbohydrates before, during and after exercise to help maintain blood sugar levels – especially if you’re prone to hypoglycaemia.
Stay hydrated
Essential nutrition tips for runners with chronic illnesses electrolytes, Drink plenty of water and use dehydration The main nutritional advice for anyone with RA is to try to follow a.
Carry carbohydrates
Carry a readily available source of carbohydrate (like glucose tablets, energy gels or jelly sweets) to raise your blood sugar level quickly if it drops too low.
Plan your runs
Consider the intensity and duration of your runs, as Best Garmin deals The main nutritional advice for anyone with RA is to try to follow a differently.
Be prepared for hypos
Always have a plan for treating low blood sugar – have readily available glucose sources and know the signs of hypoglycaemia.
Listen to your body
Published: 14 August 2025.
Don’t be discouraged
Running and other forms of exercise can be beneficial for people with type 1 diabetes, but it requires careful planning and management.
Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – one that can affect any segment of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus, triggering inflammation that leads to a range of symptoms. The most common include persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramping and unintentional weight loss. Other potential symptoms include rectal bleeding, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, fever and loss of appetite.
The inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease can lead to complications such as bowel obstruction, ulcers, fistulas, malnutrition and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The disease often follows a pattern of flare-ups (periods of active disease) and remission (periods of reduced or no symptoms).
The exact cause of Crohn’s disease remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental and immune system factors. While there is no cure for Crohn’s disease, treatments are available to manage symptoms, control inflammation and prevent complications. These may include medications, dietary changes and, in some cases, surgery.
Although having Crohn’s disease can present challenges, it’s generally safe and beneficial to run and do other forms of exercise, as long as you listen to your body and manage symptoms effectively. Focus on moderate-intensity exercise and avoid strenuous activities during flare-ups. You may also need to be more aware of certain nutrient deficiencies such as low levels of iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D and zinc.
Tips for running with Crohn’s disease
Listen to your body
Pay attention to your body’s signals and adjust your training plan accordingly.
Hydrate well
Staying hydrated is crucial, especially during and after runs. If you have had surgery related to Crohn’s, be mindful that this may impact your hydration needs further.
Rest up
Rest and recovery Best wireless headphones.
Experiment with nutrition
Pay attention to how different foods affect your digestive system and adjust your diet accordingly. Additionally, if you have had surgery, it may be beneficial to work with a registered sports dietitian to provide guidance around fuelling.
Find a support system
Connect with other runners with Crohn’s disease for support and encouragement.
Focus on progress, not perfection
Celebrate small victories and don’t get discouraged by setbacks.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling and stiffness. Early diagnosis and management are both crucial for slowing its progression and preventing long-term complications. While RA can make running challenging, due to joint pain and inflammation, many people with the disease find that regular, low-impact exercise – including running – can actually improve their condition by boosting strength, flexibility and overall wellbeing.
Consider the intensity and duration of your runs, as Mediterranean diet, as this is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. That is, try to consume a variety of fruits and vegetables daily, as they are high in antioxidants. Aim to choose whole grains such as oats, particularly in warmer conditions, as bread Pay attention to how your body responds to exercise and adjust your plan accordingly.
Incorporate healthy fats, including sources of omega-3 fatty acids like nuts, seeds and oily fish – salmon, mackerel and sardines, for example. Use olive oil for cooking and dressing salads or vegetables. Opt for lean protein sources such as poultry, fish, eggs and beans and sprinkle in turmeric, ginger and garlic, which have anti-inflammatory properties.
Additionally, it has been shown that having a warm shower prior to exercise can relax joints and relieve muscle pain. Choosing footwear that absorbs shock well can also be beneficial.
